一种改进的运载火箭迭代制导方法

为提高运载火箭在大气层外当推力出现故障条件下制导算法的最优性、鲁棒性和适应性,提出了一种改进的迭代制导方法。该方法以基于最优控制理论推导的解析形式作为最优控制解,并推导出以5个轨道根数作为终端约束的横截条件,增强了算法的最优性;迭代过程中采用高斯-勒让德方法计算推力积分,并采用球极坐标系下泰勒多项式逼近方法计算引力积分,提高了故障模式下算法的积分精度;该算法采用降维迭代求解模式,并结合对控制变量的合理限幅,保障了推力故障条件下算法的实时性和收敛性。分别基于蒙特卡洛打靶和推力故障条件下进行仿真验证,结果验证了所提方法具有较强的最优性、鲁棒性和故障适应能力。     

基于CFD数值模拟的拉瓦尔喷管流场分析

结合一维等熵管流理论,采用CFD方法对某型拉瓦尔喷管典型工作的流场进行整场数值模拟,阐述了网格生成,流场初始化,以及RNG湍流模型使用方法,并对拉瓦尔喷管工作特性进行了气动分析。研究表明,CFD计算结合一维管流理论能明显提高计算效率,数值计算结果与理论相符较好。     

基于有限元的发动机喷管模态分析

某型发动机喷管在装机飞行时出现的小裂纹可能会引发严重的飞行事故。为了避免飞行事故的发生,基于有限元仿真技术,针对该型发动机喷管结构,建立计算模型。并对某喷管整体结构进行了自由振动和模态分析,获得了该喷管模型的多阶自振频率和模态。结果表明：分析值与实测值吻合较好。其中,在20阶振动频率之前,共振造成的破坏主要集中于前转接段,20阶以后,共振造成的破坏转移到喷管的端口位置。所得结果对于结构改进和避免事故的发生具有一定的参考价值和指导意义。     

固定几何气动矢量喷管技术综述

推力矢量控制技术的喷管实施方案普遍存在着结构复杂、质量重和可靠性设计难度高等问题,而固定几何气动矢量喷管技术因具有不变的几何结构和巧妙的流体控制方式,有望得到结构简单、质量轻和高可靠性的矢量喷管。综述了该技术的设计原理、特点以及国内外的技术现状和发展趋势,并认为先进推力矢量喷管技术的设计和应用应从深入研究主次流参数对喷管性能的影响、引气对发动机主机的影响、喉道调节范围的合理确定、应用技术研究和新型流体控制技术的开发等多角度进行固定几何气动矢量喷管的技术研究。该技术具有较好的未来发展前景。     

1种新型增推喷管的数值研究

针对轴对称喷管,利用数值方法研究了其出口形成的气动喉道的控制射流参数对喷管推力系数的影响。计算结果表明:射流控制能在喷管出口处形成气动喉道,即所研究喷管成为新型的固-气双喉道喷管,减小了喷管的有效出口面积,使其膨胀更完全,从而能够有效增大过膨胀喷管的推力系数。同时,射流角度对喷管出口实际面积和流场有一定的影响,顺向射流能获得更好的增推效果。     

涡扇发动机引射喷管的红外辐射特性数值研究

红外隐身技术对提高未来战机战场生存力具有重要意义,发动机排气系统是飞机后半球的主要红外辐射源。为了研究涡扇发动机引射喷管的红外辐射特性,结合引射喷管的CFD计算,采用离散传递法计算红外辐射强度,研究了普通引射喷管以及带5°下倾角的引射喷管后半球3～5μm以及8～14μm波段的红外辐射强度空间分布规律,并与相似尺寸的涡扇/涡喷发动机收缩喷管进行比较。结果表明：在探测角度较大时,涡扇发动机引射喷管的红外辐射强度较收缩喷管小20%左右;引射喷管结构上的非对称性导致红外辐射强度角向分布也呈现非对称性特征;8～14μm波段与3～5μm波段的红外辐射空间分布规律基本相同,但辐射能量小40%左右。     

舰载直升机起飞着舰事故模式影响及危害性分析

文章应用故障模式影响及危害性分析方法研究了影响舰载直升机起飞着舰安全性的各种因素,建立直升机安全影响因素的鱼刺模型,确定直升机在起飞着舰过程中遇到的典型事故模式,在建立安全等级分析准则的基础上对各事故模式实施事故模式影响及危害度分析。建立的舰载直升机起降FMECA工作表,有助于指导直升机研制和使用部门采取合理的事故预防措施来降低直升机舰上起降的风险,最大限度地减少人员装备损失。     

Constant thrust-V-bar departure under the thruster failure

In this paper, a field-of-view constrained guidance algorithm for -V-bar constant thrust departure under thruster failure is investigated. First of all, the relative position parameters of the chaser are obtained by using the vision measurement and the target departure manoeuvres positions are calculated through the isochronous interpolation method. Then, a new switching control law under constant thrust is designed for the departure manoeuvres. The switching control law is obtained based on the acceleration sequences and the on time of thrusters which can be computed by the time series analysis method. The perturbations and fuel consumptions are addressed during the computation of the on time of thrusters. With the switching control law, the constant thrust-V-bar departure under the thruster failure in the x-axis is carried out by using coupling effects.On the basis of the toolbox of matlab, practical examples for simulation and application are given. The half cone angle of the cone-shaped field-of-view of the target spacecraft is α = 30°, the simulation results show that the proposed guidance algorithm can well satisfy the conditions for the constraints and can make sure the chaser departures from the target spacecraft safely.     

Constant thrust fuel-optimal control for spacecraft rendezvous

In this paper, constant thrust rendezvous is studied and the optimal rendezvous time is calculated by using continuous genetic algorithm. Firstly, the relative position parameters of the target spacecraft are obtained by using the vision measurement and the target maneuver positions are calculated through the isochronous interpolation method. Then, the results of the calculation of constant thrust rendezvous is founded by processing with multivariate linear regression method. Next, a new switching control law is designed based on the thrust acceleration sequence and the on time of thrusters which can be computed by the time series analysis method. The perturbations and fuel consumptions are addressed during the computation of the on time of thrusters.     

On one approach to the optimization of low-thrust station keeping manoeuvres

A simple and effective mathematical method to calculate optimal station-keeping manoeuvres by means of electric propulsion is suggested. The method is based on a linearization of the satellite motion near a reference orbit. Two versions of the method allow station keeping both in an assigned position and in any position of the orbit. The method is fully analytical for the two-body problem and takes a simpler form for the circular assigned orbit. The suggested method may also be used in the case when constraints are imposed on the thrust direction due to specific features of the satellite stabilization mode. An application of the method to any force field is shown. Illustrative examples of satellite station keeping in a circular orbit are given. Both cases of the station keeping, i.e., in an assigned position and in an assigned orbit, are considered without and with a constraint on the thrust direction.